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Gross domestic spending on research and development, percent of GDP, yearly. All figures for Estonia
| Measure | Latest | Period | EU rank | vs EU median | Among EU countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R&D spending | 1.99 % of GDP | 2024 | 10th highest of 27 | +0.49 pp | EU lowest 0.46 % of GDPEU highest 3.56 % of GDP |
| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 1.99 |
| 2023 | 1.83 |
| 2022 | 1.77 |
| 2021 | 1.75 |
| 2020 | 1.73 |
| 2019 | 1.59 |
| 2018 | 1.38 |
| 2017 | 1.25 |
| 2016 | 1.22 |
| 2015 | 1.44 |
| 2014 | 1.41 |
| 2013 | 1.70 |
| 2012 | 2.10 |
| 2011 | 2.30 |
| 2010 | 1.58 |
| 2009 | 1.40 |
| 2008 | 1.25 |
| 2007 | 1.06 |
| 2006 | 1.11 |
| 2005 | 0.92 |
| 2004 | 0.85 |
| 2003 | 0.76 |
| 2002 | 0.71 |
| 2001 | 0.70 |
| 2000 | 0.60 |
| 1999 | 0.68 |
| 1998 | 0.57 |
allfigures, “R&D spending, Estonia, 2024: 1.99 % of GDP”. Source: Eurostat (CC BY 4.0). https://allfigures.xyz/data/rd-spending/estonia, retrieved 23 Sep 2026.