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General government gross debt and deficit (−) or surplus, percent of GDP, yearly. All figures for Estonia
| Measure | Latest | Period | EU rank | vs EU median | Among EU countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross debt | 24.1 % of GDP | 2025 | 1st lowest of 27 | −35.2 pp | EU lowest 24.1 % of GDPEU highest 146.1 % of GDP |
| Deficit or surplus | −2.0 % of GDP | 2025 | 9th highest of 27 | +0.5 pp | EU lowest −7.9 % of GDPEU highest 3.4 % of GDP |
| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 24.1 |
| 2024 | 23.5 |
| 2023 | 20.2 |
| 2022 | 19.2 |
| 2021 | 18.4 |
| 2020 | 19.1 |
| 2019 | 9.0 |
| 2018 | 8.5 |
| 2017 | 9.4 |
| 2016 | 10.2 |
| 2015 | 10.8 |
| 2014 | 11.6 |
| 2013 | 11.4 |
| 2012 | 11.1 |
| 2011 | 7.6 |
| 2010 | 8.0 |
| 2009 | 8.0 |
| 2008 | 4.7 |
| 2007 | 3.9 |
| 2006 | 4.7 |
| 2005 | 4.7 |
| 2004 | 5.2 |
| 2003 | 5.6 |
| 2002 | 5.7 |
| 2001 | 4.9 |
| 2000 | 5.1 |
| 1999 | 6.4 |
| 1998 | 5.9 |
| 1997 | 6.9 |
| 1996 | 7.5 |
| 1995 | 8.0 |
| Period | % of GDP |
|---|---|
| 2025 | −2.0 |
| 2024 | −1.1 |
| 2023 | −2.7 |
| 2022 | −0.9 |
| 2021 | −2.5 |
| 2020 | −5.4 |
| 2019 | −0.1 |
| 2018 | −0.6 |
| 2017 | −0.5 |
| 2016 | −0.1 |
| 2015 | 0.2 |
| 2014 | 0.9 |
| 2013 | −0.2 |
| 2012 | −0.4 |
| 2011 | 0.6 |
| 2010 | −0.4 |
| 2009 | −2.7 |
| 2008 | −2.6 |
| 2007 | 2.7 |
| 2006 | 2.8 |
| 2005 | 1.2 |
| 2004 | 2.4 |
| 2003 | 1.8 |
| 2002 | 0.4 |
| 2001 | 0.3 |
| 2000 | −0.1 |
| 1999 | −3.3 |
| 1998 | −0.8 |
| 1997 | 2.1 |
| 1996 | −0.3 |
| 1995 | 1.0 |
allfigures, “Gross debt, Estonia, 2025: 24.1 % of GDP”. Source: Eurostat (CC BY 4.0). https://allfigures.xyz/data/public-debt/estonia, retrieved 23 Sep 2026.